CompTIA Network+ Practice Test

Which type of malware encrypts data and demands payment for access?

1. Virus

2. Ransomware

3. Worm

4. Trojan horse

The correct answer is: Ransomware

Ransomware is a specific type of malware designed to encrypt files or entire systems, rendering the data inaccessible to the user holding it. Once the data is encrypted, the ransomware typically displays a ransom note, demanding payment in exchange for the decryption key necessary to regain access to the files. This financial motive is a defining characteristic of ransomware, distinguishing it from other types of malware, which might aim to steal, corrupt, or otherwise harm data without a direct demand for payment. In contrast, a virus replicates itself and spreads to other files or systems but does not inherently focus on extortion. Worms are similar to viruses but can spread independently across networks without needing to attach themselves to a host file and usually do not encrypt data or demand ransoms. Trojan horses often disguise themselves as legitimate software but can facilitate unauthorized access or data theft without necessarily encrypting data or demanding payment. Thus, the characteristic of demanding payment for encrypted data specifically aligns with how ransomware operates.